Question
1) What are the different microscopes?
They are, light microscope (LM), electron microscope (EM). And there are two different types of electron microscopes; they are scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM).
2) What’s the function of Golgi Apparatus?
The Golgi apparatus is shipping and receiving center, such as the products of ER are modified and stored and then sent to other destinations, all those steps are taking place in Golgi apparatus.
3) What’s the function of smooth ER?
The smooth ER functions in diverse metabolic processes, which vary with cell type. These processes include synthesis of lipids, metabolism, of carbohydrates, and detoxification of drugs and poisons.
Factors
1) Scanning electron microscope (SEM) shows the surface of a cell, and it can be used on the living cells. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) shows the inside of the cells, it’s used on dead cells.
2) There’s nucleus inside of eukaryotic cells, but not inside of prokaryotic cells. And the nucleus is bounded by a double membrane. DNA is concentrated in a region that is not membrane enclosed, called nucleoid.
3) The organelles are both in animal cell and plant cell.
Endoplasmic reticulum(ER), there are rough ER (contain ribosome) and Smooth ER. Golgi apparatus is used to package and store the products from in the cell. Ribosomes are used to make proteins. Mitochondrion is the organelle where cellular respiration occurs and most ATP is generated. Plasma membrane.
4) The organelles are either in the animal cell or in the plant cell.
Lysosomes are digestive organelle where macromolecules are hydrolyzed. Centrosome is the region where the cell’s microtubules are initiated. (In animal cells)
Chloroplasts are photosynthetic organelle. Central vacuole (single membrane) is used to store food and water. Cell wall can maintain cell’s shape and protect cell from mechanical damage, made of cellulose, other polysaccharides and proteins. Plasmodesmata are the channels through cell walls that connect the cytoplasm of adjacent cells. (In plant cells)
5) Mitochondria are found in nearly all eukaryotic cells. It is enclosed by two membranes, each a phospholipids bilayer with a unique collection of embedded proteins.
Summary
Biologists use microscopes and the tools of biochemistry. Eukaryotic cells have internal membranes that compartmentalize their functions. The eukaryotic cell’s genetic instructions are housed in the nucleus and carried out by the ribosomes. The endomembrane system regulates protein traffic and performs metabolic functions in the cell. Mitochondria and chloroplasts change energy from one form to another. Thy cytoskeleton is a network of fibers that organizes structures and activities in the cell. Extracelular components and connections between cels help corordinate cellular activities.
Diagram
From this diagram, we can see there’re endoplasmic reticulum, golgi apprartus, ribosomes, mitochondrion and plasms membrane in both animal cell and plant cell. However, there are lysosomes, centrosome are just in animal cell and chloroplasts, central vacuole, cell wall and plasmodesmata in plant cell.
Key terms
Cytosol: the liquid inside of cells.
Cytoplasm it is the contents of the cell, exclusive of the nucleus and bounded by the plasma membrane.
Chromosomes: A cellular structure carrying genetic material, found in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells.
Chromatin: The complex of DNA and protein that makes up a eukaryotic chromosome.
Ribosome: A complex of rRNA and protein molecules that functions as a site of protein synthesis in the cytoplasm.
Vesicle: A sac made of membrane in the cytoplasm.
Peroxisome: peroxisomes are roughly spherical and often have a granular or crystalline core that is thought to be a dense collection of enzyme molecules.
Flagella: A long cellular appendage specialized for locomotion.
Cilia: A short cellular appendage containing microtubules.
Lysosome: A membrane-enclosed sac of hydrolytic enzymes found in the cytoplasm of animal cells and some protests.
没有评论:
发表评论