Questions
1) What’s condensation reaction?
Monomers are connected by a reaction in which two molecules are covalently bonded to each other through loss of a water molecule; this is known as a condensation reaction, specifically a dehydration reaction.
2) What’s the difference between saturated fat and unsaturated fat?
At room temperature, the molecules of a saturated fat such as butter are packed closely together, forming a solid. But at room temperature, the molecules of an unsaturated fat such as this olive oil cannot pack together closely enough to solidify because of the kinks in some of their fatty acid hydrocarbon chains.
3）what’s phospholipids?
Phospholipids are essential for cells because they make up cell membrane.
Factors
1） The simplest carbohydrates are the Monosaccharides, also known as simple sugars. Disaccharides are double sugars consisting of to monosaccharides joined by a covalent bond.
2） Depending on the location of the carbonyl group, a sugar is either an aldose (aldehyde sugar) or a ketose (ketone sugar).
3) Some polysaccharides serve as storage material, hydrolyzed as needed to provide sugar for cells. Other polysaccharides serve as building material for structures that protect the cell or the whole organism.
4) Lipids are the one class of large biological molecules that does not include true polymers, and they are generally not big enough to be considered macromolecules.
5) All proteins share three superimposed levels of structure, known as primary, secondary, and tertiary structure. A fourth level, quaternary structure, arises when a protein consists of two or more polypeptide chains.
Summary:
Macromolecules are polymers, build from monomers. Carbohydrates serve as fuel and building material. Lipids are a diverse group of hydrophobic molecules. Proteins have many structures, resulting in a wide range of functions. Nucleic acids store and transmit hereditary information.
Diagram
When a bond forms between two monomers, each monomer contributes part of the water molecule that is lost: one molecule provides a hydroxyl group (-OH), while the other provides hydrogen (-H). This reaction can be repeated as monomers are added to the chain one by one, making a polymer.
Key terms
Monosaccharide: The simplest carbohydrates.
Glucose: Most common monosaccharide.
Sucrose: The most prevalent disaccharide.
Lipid: they are the one class of large biological molecules that does not include true polymers, and they are generally not big enough to be considered macromolecules.
Fatty acid: a long carbon chain carboxylic acid.
Polypeptide: polymers of amino acids are called polypeptides.
Amino acids: its organic molecules possessing both carboxyl and amino groups.
Cholesterol: It’s a common component of animal cell membranes and is also the precursor from which other steroids are synthesized.
Glycogen: animals store a polysaccharide called glycogen, a polymer of glucose that is like amylopectin but more extensively branched.
Polynucleotide: nucleic acids are macromolecules that exist as polymers called polynucleotide.
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