Questions
1) How can carbon atoms form diverse molecules?
Carbon atoms can form diverse molecules by bonding to four other atoms.
2) What’re the three structures of isomers?
They are structural isomers, geometric isomers and enantionmers.
3) What’re the major elements of life?
C, H, O, N, S and P.
Factors
1) The form of carbon is 4 covalent bonds, its molecular shape is tetrahedral and it bonds easily to itself.
2) Isomers is something compounds with the same molecular formula but have different structures. There’re three types of isomers, they are structural isomers, geometric isomers and enantiomers.
3) Different chemical groups contribute to function by affecting the molecule’s shape. The chemical groups affect molecular function by being directly involved in chemical reaction; these important chemical groups are known as functional groups.
4) There are seven important functional groups, hydroxyl, carbonyl, carboxyl, amino, sulfhydryl, phosphate and methyl.
5) ATP also known as adenosine triphosphate, is a complicated organic phosphate.
Summary
Organic chemistry is the study of carbon compounds. Compounds containing carbon are said to be organic, and the branch of chemistry that specializes in the study of carbon compounds is called organic chemistry. Carbon atoms can form diverse molecules by bonding to four other atoms. A small number of chemical groups are keys to the functioning of biological molecules.
Diagram
In this diagram, we can see that both of the functions have hydroxyl function group. But they are in the different positions. So those two isomers are called geometric isomers.
Key terms
Hydrocarbon: organic molecules consisting of only carbon and hydrogen.
Organic chemistry: compounds containing carbon are said to be organic, and the branch of chemistry that specializes in the study of carbon compounds is called organic chemistry.
Methane: one carbon atom with four hydrogen atoms.
Ethane: two carbon atoms with six hydrogen atoms.
Ethane: two carbon atoms with four hydrogen atoms
Functional group: the chemical groups affect molecular function by being directly involved in chemical reactions; these important chemical groups are known as functional groups.
Structural isomers: differ in the covalent arrangements of their atoms.
Geometric isomers: have the same covalent partnerships, but they differ in their spatial arrangements.
Enantionmers are isomers that are mirror images of each other.
Amino acids: an organic molecule possessing both carboxyl and amino groups. Amino acids serve as the monomers of polypeptides.
没有评论:
发表评论